All I seem to be a bit confused. Where should I take the level from for either single or double shots 1- The top of the crema or 2- The top of the black espresso Help Noel
By convention, the definition of a single/double includes the crema; searching on 'volume' yielded several other threads that expound on this question (click here). That said, I prefer Andy's Brewing ratios for espresso beverages for comparing notes because the ratio it isn't influenced by crema volume.